Pre-Presbyopia, Asthenopia, and Refractive Errors are Associated among Handcrafting Workers in Lucknow

Ragni Kumari*

Purpose: To determine the effect of handcrafting on different types of refractive errors and to verify whether there is an association between asthenopia and presbyopia with this labor. The study design was a case series study (stratified random sampling study). Study conducted in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh from May 2022 to June 2023. 

Material and Methods: For this study, 4800 subjects aged 16-35 years were selected. Visual acuity, retinoscopy, flashlight examination, ophthalmoscopy, and pencil push-up test were performed on each subject. A questionnaire was also completed with the information given by the subjects after informed consent. 

Results: For this study, a total of 4800 patients, 35% were males and 65% females, aged 16 to 35 years, were selected to check for eye strain, headache, decrease in near vision before the age of 35 years, and whether or not any type of refractive error was present in the sample. 70% of patients had near visual acuity of N6, 17% had N8, and 13% were between N10-N12. In this study, there were only 13% emmetropes, 42% myopes, 28% hyperopes and 17% astigmatism. Of the N6 group, 57.1% suffered from ocular complaints and 62.8% from headaches. In the N8 group, 88.2% had ocular strain and 94.1% had headache. In group N10-N12, 69.2% had ocular strain and 92.3% had headache. 

Conclusion: There is a strong association between refractive errors and pre-presbyopia, but a strong association with asthenopia in workers in handcrafting occupations. 

Keywords:

Published on: Feb 12, 2025 Pages: 1-5

Full Text PDF Full Text HTML DOI: 10.17352/2455-1414.000107
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