https://www.clinsurggroup.us/journals/archives-of-clinical-hypertension A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 27 Nov, 2025 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-11-138.php Agar is usually mixed with other nutrients to make media, in which microorganisms can be cultured and tested. This study aimed to formulate white rice powder to substitute agar for the preparation of growth media to culture some bacterial and fungal strains. Following the standard methods, nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar, and blood agar media were carefully prepared. Following the same methods, rice-based media were prepared by adding rice powder instead of agar. Pure strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Aspergillus niger were used to evaluate growth rates (colony formation for bacteria) and mycelial radial growth (for fungi) within agar-based media and rice-based media. There was no significant difference between the growth rate within agar-based media and rice-based media for bacterial strains, but fungal strains were well flourished better within the rice-based media than bacterial strains. Although rice is a potential material for the solidification of nutrient media instead of agar, it can also add important nutritional components, and the amount of rice sufficient to result in the required solidification should be considered, which involves rice varieties. 26 Aug, 2025 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-11-137.php Background: Adult Growth Hormone (GH) deficiency is a significant clinical condition affecting 2-3 per 10,000 individuals, characterized by metabolic, cardiovascular, and quality of life impairments. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of adult GH deficiency epidemiology, diagnosis, and replacement therapy approaches. Methods: Review of current literature on adult GH deficiency, including epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment protocols. Results: Adult GH deficiency presents with central obesity, decreased muscle mass, cardiovascular risk factors, reduced bone density, and impaired quality of life. Pituitary adenomas (57%) and craniopharyngiomas are the leading causes. The insulin tolerance test remains the gold standard for diagnosis, with peak GH <3 µg/L indicating severe deficiency. Re-evaluation is critical for childhood GH deficiency patients, as 30% - 70% may normalize in adulthood. GH replacement therapy, initiated at 0.2 mg/day and titrated based on IGF-1 levels, significantly improves body composition, cardiovascular risk profile, and quality of life. Treatment is generally safe with manageable side effects, including arthralgia and fluid retention. Conclusion: Adult GH deficiency requires individualized diagnosis and treatment approaches. GH replacement therapy is safe and effective when properly monitored, with no increased malignancy risk. Transition period management from pediatric to adult care is crucial for optimal outcomes. 22 Aug, 2025 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-11-136.php Background: We have previously demonstrated the presence of a nucleotide peptide from rat liver which was identified as a mixed disulfide formed by Coenzyme A-SS-Glutathione linked by a disulfide bridge. Also informed about the presence in rat liver and other tissues of the NADPH-dependent Coenzyme A-SS-G reductase. Now we communicate about the presence of Coenzyme A-SS- Glutathione as a hypertensive agent in human plasma of 22 young and adult individuals with or without hypertension. Methods: In the present work the isolation of Coenzyme A-SS-Glutathione from rat liver to be used as standard and the human blood samples were extracted with Perchloric acid (HCLO4) neutralized with 2 N KOH; the supernatant was lyophilized and dissolved in a minimal amount of water in order to be separated by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system with UV detector capable of measurement at 254 nm.  Results: We have demonstrated for the first time the presence in human blood of young and adult individuals of the hypertensive compound CoASSG. Two subgroups could be observed among the young individuals according to the amount of CoASSG in plasma: in subgroup number 1 an average amount of CoASSG/ul of plasma of 1.895 and in group number 2 with an average amount of 7.92. In the group of adults also two subgroups could be detected: subgroup 3 with an average of 2.756 and subgroup 4 with an average of 12.95.  Conclusion: According to our results it can be appreciated that the mixed disulfide compound (CoASSG) is present in the blood of young individuals and in higher amounts in older people. 29 Jun, 2024 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-10-135.php Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a pivotal technique in the visualization of specific proteins within tissue samples, leveraging antigen-antibody interactions to elucidate protein presence, distribution, and abundance. In clinical hypertension, IHC is instrumental in unraveling disease mechanisms, identifying biomarkers, and fostering targeted therapies. This review delves into IHC’s contributions to managing hypertension by examining its role in understanding the pathophysiology and identifying key proteins like those in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Elevated angiotensin II type 1 receptors in vascular walls, detected via IHC, correlate with hypertension and vascular remodeling. Additionally, IHC identifies inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, linking chronic inflammation to hypertension. The technique is vital for discovering biomarkers like endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor, essential for assessing endothelial function. IHC also detects oxidative stress markers, aiding in understanding oxidative mechanisms in hypertension. Evaluating antihypertensive therapies at a molecular level, IHC shows how interventions affect protein expression and vascular health, guiding therapeutic strategies. By revealing proteins differentially expressed in hypertensive tissues, IHC identifies new therapeutic targets, enhancing treatment efficacy. Furthermore, this review explores the application of IHC in other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting its broader relevance in disease management. Recent advancements include the development of new drugs targeting specific molecular pathways, such as endothelin 1 receptor antagonists like aprocitentan, approved by the FDA in March 2024 for the treatment of resistant arterial hypertension. Overall, IHC significantly advances both research and clinical practice, promising improved health outcomes through continued methodological advancements. 29 May, 2024 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-10-134.php Introduction: The definition of Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) is accepted by guidelines, which adopt a blood pressure (BP) cutoff point of 140/90 mmHg, with elevated Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and normal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the clinic. This phenotype represents the most common form of Hypertension (HT) in young individuals. The prognosis of ISH differs according to various explanatory mechanisms. Some associations of this phenotype with Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) have been described, but little emphasis has been placed on its association with nocturnal BP values. To the best of our knowledge, there is no epidemiological data on young patients establishing this relationship in Latin America. Objective: To describe the characteristics of ISH in our population of young patients and analyze its relationship with different ABPM phenotypes. Materials and methods: Consecutive adult individuals between 16 and 40 years of age, without antihypertensive treatment, were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. They were referred for ABPM to a tertiary hospital between July 2013 and August 2022. Each individual underwent an initial interview, three BP measurements using current standards with OMROM HEM 705 devices, and subsequent ABPM with Spacelabs 90207. A general description of the sample was provided, and an analysis was conducted based on different patient phenotypes determined by clinic BP measurements in relation to various ABPM phenotypes. Results: A total of 395 individuals (69% women, 29 ± 6.5 years) were finally evaluated. The frequencies according to clinic phenotypes were as follows: Normotensive = 77%, ISH = 6%, HT = 17%. Among the ISH group, 29.2% had white coat hypertension (WCH). The Kappa agreement was 31% for clinic phenotypes vs. ABPM. Among ISH patients, 37% had at least one elevated period (daytime or nighttime), and 12.5% had elevated BP only during the nighttime. 30 Dec, 2023 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-9-133.php The existing blood pressure classification guidelines established by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) lack specified lower limits for the “Normal” category. This paper underscores the imperative need for revisiting these guidelines to incorporate defined lower limits for the “Normal” classification. The absence of such lower limits hinders the precision of clinical practice and undermines the comprehensive assessment of blood pressure in individuals. By advocating for the inclusion of lower limits, this paper aims to enhance the accuracy of blood pressure categorization, thereby providing clinicians with more nuanced guidance and fostering improved cardiovascular health outcomes. 16 Mar, 2023 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-9-132.php A cardiac contractility modulation device is a new treatment used in patients with heart failure. CCM therapy is associated with an increase in physical activity tolerance, improved quality of life, reduced hospitalizations due to heart failure, and reverse remodeling of the left ventricle in patients with systolic heart failure. In this case, the clinical benefit of cardiac contractility modulation in a patient with chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation and postinfarction left ventricle aneurysm was reported. Development of postinfarction left ventricle aneurysm in patients with reduced ejection fraction is associated with a high risk of surgical complications. However, an adequate assessment of the functional reserve of the left ventricle myocardium and the choice of surgical correction method allows for receiving favorable outcomes of surgery. We present a case of a successful combination of interventional and surgical treatment of a patient with heart failure and post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm. 06 Jul, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-8-131.php There is a large body of evidence that resting Heart Rate (HR) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in hypertension [1,2]. This association was consistent across 9 Cohort studies and 7 large clinical trials performed on patients with hypertension [1]. 05 Jan, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-8-130.php Background: Heart failure is the main reason for hospitalization in the cardiology department of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital. The main causes of heart failure are arterial hypertension and myocardial ischemia. Mortality is high during hospitalization and can reach 48%. The follow-up of patients after hospitalization is difficult with many lost to follow-up. The medium and long term prognosis of chronic heart failure is not known in our country. Objective: Identify death prognosis factors of heart failure in elderly subjects aged at least 60 years old. Patients and Method: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study that consisted of systematic inclusion from hospitalization registers of patients of both sexes aged at least 60 years, hospitalized in the cardiology department CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo from January 1 to December 31, 2016. We assessed the type of heart failure, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters, comorbidities, etiologies of heart failure as well as the intra-hospital evolution during this hospitalization until discharge. After including these patients, they were called to participate in the study (which ran from December 1 to 31, 2020) by giving informed consent. We collected follow-up data (since discharge from the first hospitalization, i.e., one consultation each month for at least 42 months) from the patients’ individual follow-up diaries (rehospitalization, improvement, therapeutic compliance). We then performed a complete clinical examination, an electrocardiogram, a cardiac echography, and a biological workup including blood count, creatinine level, liver function tests, blood glucose and blood ionogram. Results: We included 87 elderly subjects representing 53.05% of all patients received for chronic heart failure in the cardiology department in 2016. The mean age was 71.49 ± 8.46 years and the sex ratio was 2. High blood pressure was the main cardiovascular risk factor in 62.07% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 20.69%, and factors associated with it included male sex (OR= 11.60 p < 0.01), renal dysfunction on admission (OR= 1.30 p= 0.03), and cardiogenic shock developed during hospitalization (OR= 10.30 p < 0.01). Mortality at approximately 4 years was 67.47% with a mean time to death of 13.60 months. No independent factor was found to predict death after discharge. Conclusion: The prognosis of heart failure in the elderly is poor in our context. The in-hospital death prognosis facteur are renal dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, An early and adapted management of this age group will improve survival. 23 Feb, 2021 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-7-129.php Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide due to its high prevalence and its association with cardiovascular diseases with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality cardiovascular. Elevated Blood Pressure (EBP) in adolescence progresses to hypertension in adulthood. Objective: To determine the prevalence of EBP and identify associated factors in adolescents in the school community in Lubumbashi. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study, using a random sample of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years old, enrolled in secondary schools in Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Each student was subject to three measures of Blood Pressure (BP). The prevalence of EBP was determined according to the new standards internationally. The different associations between EBP with sex, birth weight, status weight, waist circumference and heart rate were evaluated. Results: 1,766 adolescents participated in the study. The overall prevalence of EBP was 30.6%. Associated factors with EBP were overweight (p<0.0001), obesity [boys (p=0.049), gender female (p<0.0001)], waist circumference (p<0.0001) and heart rate (p=0.034). In log-binomial regression, only the waist circumference (p<0.0001) and heart rate (p=0.014) were the factors associated with the occurrence of EBP. Conclusion: Lubumbashi school’s adolescents have an abnormally EBP. This notion challenges public health policy makers to put in place prevention and fight against hypertension since childhood. 30 Dec, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-6-128.php In various guidelines, isolated diastolic hypertension is defined as diastolic blood pressure >80 or >90mmHg in individuals with normal systolic blood pressure. While isolated diastolic hypertension was associated with adverse cardiovascular events in observational studies, this relationship is not clear in epidemiological studies. Increased arterial stiffness, increased central hemodynamics, vasoconstriction, increased adrenergic activity, increased renin angiotensin aldesteron activity play a role in the pathophysiology. Isolated diastolic hypertension is associated with male gender, young age, increased body mass index, increased glucose level, increased alcohol consumption and high triglyceride levels. Although treatment is not recommended in young people in isolated diastolic hypertension, treatment should be individualized according to the underlying cardiovascular disease in the elderly. 28 Dec, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-6-127.php Background: Despite many approaches to control hypertension, a lot of people still experience challenges keeping their Blood Pressure (BP) under control, and because the condition requires life - long treatment, many patients will need additional effort from their spouses. The spouse shares intimacy with patient and is the chief source of social support that provides financial assistance, reminds and encourages medication use, shows concern and interest by discussing issues related to the disease. Therefore, exploring the relationship between Perceived Spousal Social Support (PSSS) and BP control will help the physician and other stakeholders harness the gains of this association to achieving BP control, prevent complications and death associated with hypertension. Objective: To identify the relationship between perceived spousal social support and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients attending General Outpatient Clinic (GOPC) in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was a hospital - based cross - sectional study carried out between June and August 2016 among 298 hypertensive patients aged 18 and 65 years attending GOPC of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti. Collection of data was done using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, blood pressure measurement and 4-point Likert Social Support questionnaire to measure the perceived spousal social support. Data was analysed using SPSS IBM version 17.0. Results: Mean age of respondents was 56.0 ± 8.5 years and seventy percent were females with male to female ratio of 1:2.3. Less than half of the respondents, 47.7% and about half of the respondents, 50.3% achieved BP control and demonstrated strong PSSS respectively. There was statistically significant relationship between PSSS and BP control (χ2 = 27.05, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Social support perceived by participants positively influenced their BP control. Family Physicians and other health care providers should therefore determine and enhance the level of this support and encourage spouses to provide this support for their partners who have hypertension or those having difficulty controlling their BP despite the appropriate use their medications. 03 Sep, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-6-126.php Hypertension is one of the major contributing factor for global burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It was estimated that 1.13 billion people were affected worldwide and most of them are residing in low and middle income countries [1]. Hypertension was strongly associated with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular events and peripheral artery disease. 24 Apr, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-6-125.php Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the cardiovascular eligibility rate for hormonal contraception among women in Porto-Novo, with reference to the criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 over a period of 4 months at the headquarters of the Beninese Association for the Family Promotion (ABPF) in Porto-Novo, Benin. It exhaustively included all women who came to renew their hormonal contraception. The verification procedure useful for the renewal of the contraceptive used included the search for cardiovascular risk factors (high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, obesity, smoking). Based on the eligibility criteria defined by WHO for each type of contraceptive and on the presence or absence of the risk factors sought, each woman surveyed was declared eligible or ineligible for continuation of the contraceptive in progress. 12 Mar, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-6-124.php Gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders are common pregnancy complications among pregnant women worldwide because it shares metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes are known to have insulin resistance pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy. Typically, they were diagnosed between 24 and 28week of gestation using glucose tolerance test. Elevated of postprandial blood glucose more than 120mg/dL or fasting blood glucose more than 95mg/dL is considered poor glycemic control leading to pregnancy complications, particularly hypertensive disorders. 25 Feb, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-6-123.php Background: Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) application may cause severe hemodilution and an acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome, especially with blood components transfusion. Multi-function circuit of cardioplegia delivery, conventional ultrafiltration, and modified ultrafiltration was advocated to reverse the CPB hemodilution and conserve patient’s blood through a blood conservation protocol. Methods: Retrospectively, 600 pediatric were randomly and equally distributed into six studied (S) and control (C) groups. Groups had been classified according to weights as following; 30 kg≥ groups IS and IC >20 kg≥ groups IIS and IIC >10 kg≥ groups IIIS and IIIC ≥3kg, only studied groups were treated with the blood conservation protocol. The fluid management, blood components conservation, and pediatrics clinical outcome characteristics will be investigated in this study. 31 Dec, 2019 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-5-122.php The authors present a case of a histologically confirmed giant cell arteritis that presented unusually with fever and Horner’s syndrome. The aetiology of the presenting features and the treatment choices are discussed. 16 May, 2019 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-5-121.php Background: Poor adherence to anti-hypertensive medications has caused increased cardiovascular risk and death. Nigerians have been shown to have a worse prognosis from hypertension, poor blood pressure control, and increased risk of complications arising from poor adherence to anti-hypertension medication. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess anti-hypertensive medication adherence and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary health facility in Niger State, Nigeria Method: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted by administering Morisky medication adherence questionnaire to 237 study participants between February and May 2018. 09 May, 2019 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-5-120.php Background: Patients who experience emergencies (HEs) and urgencies (HUs) hypertensive are at high risk for developing clinical complications such as ischemic attack, acute renal injury, or any other ischemic organ damage. Methods: We reported a case of 45 year-old female admitted to our Emergency Medicine Department for cefalea. The clinical characteristics at admission were: BP was 220/125 mmHg, HR 90 bpm, SO2 92% A.A., no fever, BMI 25 kg/m2. She received a treatment with intravenous labetalolo 20 mg BID, followed by 20 mg after 20 minutes. After about 6 hours she was asymptomatic and blood pressure was 150/90 mmHg. We invited to take enalapril 20 mg and she started low protein diet (LPD) (0.8 gr/Kg/day) at home. 21 Nov, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-4-119.php Miguel Devronsky proposed in 1970’s a theory explaining mechanism of action of ingested pure protein; so-called protein-diet, as follows: 1. Ingested pure protein is decomposed into mixture of amino acids by gastrointestinal proteolytic enzymes; pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, etc. Mixture of amino acids enters the liver via the portal vein. The liver resynthesizes protein with the amino acid mixture consuming synthesis-energy, which is supplied by decomposition of unnecessary tissues like hypodermic fat, intravascular atheroma, etc. In short, ingestion of pure protein improves atheroscleroses of arteries. It is well established that the main cause of hypertension is arterial atherosclerosis. In conclusion, oral ingestion of pure protein, e.g., casein, can be an easy way of improving and preventing atheroscleroses. 05 Feb, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-4-118.php Naples. Congress of the Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (Siprec). Dance is the scene. Do not think of the teachers who start dancing, even if it would not hurt to give rhythm to scientifi c reports, but a new remedy to prevent high blood pressure or even lower it if it tends to rise above the norm. 22 Jan, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-4-117.php Multi function Cardiogram Technology or the MCG was engineered to answer a fundamental question and solve a critical problem. The question was if we could apply the ma thematic principals of Lagrangian Mechanics to build an objective machine powered digital diagnostic paradigm to forever change the face of the future of diagnostic medicine, as we know it. 12 Sep, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-3-116.php The development of heart failure (HF) associated with elevated level of serum uric acid (SUA). Additionally, the majority of individuals with traditional cardiovascular risk factors contributing in HF risk exhibited increased levels of SUA. 30 Jun, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-3-115.php Background: White coat syndrome, masked hypertension, and poor technique may produce inaccurate offi ce-based blood pressure (BP) readings and lead to over diagnosis and over treatment with antihypertensive agents. 22 Jun, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-3-114.php Regulation of the circulatory system to maintain a constant arterial pressure is critical in ensuring adequate perfusion to meet metabolic requirements of tissues. Blood pressure (BP) can be considered in the context of Ohm’s law, whereby BP (analogous to voltage) is directly proportional to the product of cardiac output (current) and total vascular resistance (TPR). 04 Apr, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-3-113.php Background: Bone metabolism is tightly regulated by several hormones that are synthesized in bone cells and that have effects not only on bone but on several distant organs. 21 Mar, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-3-112.php Introduction: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is an early ultrasonographic marker of atherosclerosis. A new clinical marker “oscillatory gap” (OG) was found to increase with advanced atherosclerosis. 21 Feb, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/ACH-3-111.php Few studies have examined the professional risk factors for hypertension, especially in relation to aging of work force. 05 Dec, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/.pdf Background: Primary hypertension is the most important risk factor for chronic kidney disease in adulthood. The genesis of essential hypertension is likely to be multifactorial. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors causing primary hypertension detected also by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. 04 Jul, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-110.php Objectives: We aim to determine the prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors and complications among the population living in the semi-rural area of Gueoul in Senegal. Matariels and method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. In 2012, we conducted an exhaustive survey according to the STEPSwise approach of the world health organization among Senegalese aged of 35 years and over who resided for at least 6 months in semi-rural area. Pregnant women were excluded. Cardiovascular risk factors and complications were collected and data analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. The significance level was agreed for a value of p < 0.05. 24 Jun, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-109.php Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the World [1]. As the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension has been identified as the most important cause of disability and the leading risk factor for death globally [2]. The causes of hypertension are complex and are related to genetic factors, lifestyle, diet structure, and environmental factors, including air pollution [3]. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution increases cardiovascular mortality rates [4,5]. Air pollution has also been associated with the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke [6-8]. Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and has been ranked as the leading cause for death and disability worldwide [9,10]. 21 Jun, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-108.php BP is changing in the course of age, in both sexes, Systolic BP increases continuously and instead Diastolic BP only rises until age 50-60 years and then stabilizes or drops [1]. The % of hypertensive patients in Argentina is somewhat higher in men than in women at 60 years or so, and after that age, coinciding with menopause, begins to dominate the female, due to hormonal changes and weight gain [2,3]. 15 Apr, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-107.php Introduction: Sympathetic nervous system activity is increased in patients with systemic hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can effectively control hypertension without a reflex sympathetic stimulation. However, limited data are available about the role of sympathetic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction among patients with controlled hypertension receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 12 Apr, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-106.php Background: It has been suggested that phytoestrogens may have utility in the control of arterial hypertension. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, and the main outcome was the decrease of blood pressure. 03 Feb, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-105.php Non-invasive imaging is widely used to assess vascular dysfunction, including measurement of flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), the augmentation index (AI), and central blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction, a main contributor of atherosclerosis is possible diagnostic tool by FMD. An arterial stiffness, assessing by the PWV and/or arterial dispensability and beta stiffness index have been associated with cardiovascular risk. Ultrasound-based methods are used to assess elastic properties of the arterial walls in studies of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. In asymptomatic individuals is essential in order to detect, predict and prevent cardiovascular diseases first be estimated based on the global assessment of risk factors? Nowadays is recommended in daily routine screening for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic individuals with intermediate (10-20% 10-year risk of coronary artery disease) or high risk (>20% 10-year risk of coronary artery disease) to provide a further screening. 11 Jan, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-2-104.php Arterial hypertension is defined by a stable increase in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) values, i.e. systolic value of 140 mmHg or more and/or diastolic one of 90 mmHg or more. Its prevalence is about 30–45% of the general population; representing a well-known cardiovascular (CV) risk factor [1]. In addition to BP values, the assessment of target organ damage has a pivotal role in stratification of total CV risk of patients. Current guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension suggest several tools for evaluating hypertension-related asymptomatic organ damage, such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, vascular ultrasound examination (carotid wall thickening or plaque, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index), and estimated glomerular filtration rate and micro albuminuria for study of renal function. However, these techniques are able to detect a already established structural lesion, while, on the other hand, the evaluation of early phases of atherosclerosis is crucial in primary CV prevention. 26 Nov, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-1-103.php Objectives: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in women with cardiovascular disease. However, little research has examined the role of these disorders among women suffering from essential hypertension (EH). The present study explored the prevalence of both depression and anxiety in women with hypertension. It also examined the relationships of depression and anxiety with the frequency and severity of physical symptoms, alexithymia and the dimensions of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings (DIF and DDF). 15 Oct, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-1-102.php Introduction: Hypertension is the most common chronic non-contagious disease. High blood pressure is an important risk factor for premature mortality and contributes to the development of heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. In spite of the fact that it is consider to be an adult disease, the frequency in young people has increased. 04 Sep, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Clinical-Hypertension/ACH-1-101.php Introduction: Hypertension control has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear whether it is worthwhile to control blood pressure (BP) in the inpatient setting. The aim of the study was to determine physicians’ attitude towards the management and control of hypertension during hospitalization at internal medicine departments.